To begin with, servers are defined as computers that are configured in such a way that they are able to provide specialized services to a specific client user or machine. They serve as task masters that manage a variety of services such as files, system jobs, network requests, and other various processes. Although they can be used for a myriad of purposes, servers primarily function as web hosting solutions.
The Wonder of Web Servers
Servers have become a very versatile solution for a variety of user needs. May it be file storage management, a network firewall, an email server, or simply as a web hosting solution, servers are the answer to almost every need. In fact, it would be very difficult to find any type of contemporary business or company that does not make use of some sort of server.
One of the biggest misconceptions about web servers is that they might be too complicated for the average Joe. The truth is, they are quite simple to manage and so long as a user has some level of technical knowledge, he should be good to go. In fact, setting up a server for one’s own website isn’t too much of a daunting task. Although it will still require a certain level of computer know-how, it is no Herculean feat at all. With a little research, some patience, and a whole lot of resourcefulness, one could very easily set up a personal server for one’s own site. This is also made possible by the fact that most server providers equip their users with easy-to-use tools to make the entire process much more user-friendly.
The Basics Types of Web Servers
When it comes to the configuration of web hosting servers, they generally come in three different offerings. First is shared web hosting which is the most common type of web server today. This immense fame is brought about by both its affordability and simplicity. Websites that run on shared servers will (obviously) share the same IP address as well as make use of the same system resources.
The second web hosting option for users is dedicated servers. As its name implies, websites that make use of a dedicated server will have full rights and control of the whole system. Because of the fact that they do not share their servers with other websites, this also means that they will have exclusive access to all the resources of the system.
The Keys to Success
Because of websites’ growing need for more hard drive storage space and bandwidth, servers have become more and more of a requirement rather than an option. Each individual or business will have a different set of requirements and needs which means there is no one-size-fits-all sort of web hosting solution for everyone. However, the good thing is that it isn’t that difficult to set up a specific type of server that will fulfil the needs of one’s own website. Doing a little online research will definitely be helpful in this regard as there are a multitude of websites that provide information and tips on how to set up a server for all sorts of business website.
Bill Bailey (born Mark Bailey 13 January 1965, Bath, Somerset) is an English stand-up comedian, musician and actor. As well as his extensive stand-up work, Bailey is well known for his appearances on Have I Got News for You, Never Mind the Buzzcocks, QI and Black Books.
Bailey was listed by The Observer as one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy in 2003, and in 2007 he was voted number seven on Channel 4's hundred greatest stand-ups.
Contents
1 Personal life
2 Career
2.1 Early stand-up
2.2 Television
2.3 International tours
2.4 Other appearances
2.5 Music
2.6 Future
3 Selected works
3.1 Tours
3.2 DVDs
3.3 Books
3.4 TV/Film
4 References
5 External links
//
Personal life
Bailey spent the majority of his childhood in Keynsham, a town situated between Bath and Bristol in the West of England. His father was a general practitioner and his mother was a hospital ward sister. His maternal grandparents lived in an annexe, built on the side of the house by his maternal grandfather who was a stonemason and builder. Two rooms at the front of the family house were for his father's surgery.
Bailey was educated at King Edward's School, an independent school in Bath where he was initially an academic pupil winning most of the prizes. However, at about the age of 15 years, he started to become distracted from school work when he realised the thrill of performance as a member of a school band called Behind Closed Doors, which played mostly original work. He was the only pupil at his school to study A-level music and he passed with an A grade. He also claims to have been good at sport (captain of KES 2nd XI cricket team 1982), which often surprised his teachers. He would often combine the two by leading the singing on the long coach trip back from away rugby fixtures. It was here that he was given his nickname Bill by his music teacher, Ian Phipps, for being able to play the song "Won't You Come Home Bill Bailey" so well on the guitar.
He started an English degree at Westfield College but left after a year.
He spent his early years listening to Monty Python records, and rehearsing with a band called the "Famous Five", who he himself confesses were very bad but still much better than him and who, unexpectedly, had only four members. However, he is a classically trained musician and received an Associateship Diploma from the London College of Music as well as being made an honorary member of the Society of Crematorium Organists. Despite this, he has said that he always had the temptation to be silly with music, a trait that influences his stand-up shows.
Bailey often mythologises his early years in his stand-up. In his show Bewilderness, he claims to have attended Bovington Gurney School of Performing Arts and Owl Sanctuary. He talks about a succession of jobs he had before becoming a comedian, including lounge pianist, crematorium organist, door-to-door door-salesman and accompanist for a mind-reading dog. A clip of Bailey's appearance in the dog's routine was shown during his Room 101 appearance. He also is self-deprecating about his appearance, suggesting he is so hairy that he is part troll, or that his hair or beard is a small animal named Lionel whom he has trained to sit 'very very still.'
Bailey also talks about his role as a "Disenfranchised Owl" in an experimental Welsh theatre troupe (mentioned in an interview with Australian newspaper Post). Other acting roles included a part in a Workers' Revolutionary Party stage production called The Printers, which also featured Vanessa Redgrave and Frances de la Tour. His trivia page on IMDb also claims that he was awarded Best Actor in the 1986 Institut Franais awards.
An avid Star Trek fan, he named his son (born 2003) after the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine character Dax and often refers to himself as a Klingon (once claiming during his "Part Troll" tour that his ear-mounted microphone made him resemble "a wizard in a call centre" and "a Klingon motivational speaker").
He currently lives in Hammersmith in London and supports Queens Park Rangers.
Career
Early stand-up
Bailey began touring the country with other comedians such as Mark Lamarr. In 1986 he formed a double act, the Rubber Bishops, with Toby Longworth (a former fellow pupil at King Edward's Bath) who was replaced in 1988 by Martin Stubbs. They achieved a certain amount of success on the club circuit, partly due to their rigorous schedule sometimes as many as three or four gigs a night. It was here that Bailey began developing his own unique style, mixing in musical parodies with deconstructions of or variations on traditional jokes ("How many amoebas does it take to change a lightbulb? One, no two! No four! No eight...") - according to comedy folklore, after a reviewer once criticised his act for its lack of jokes, Bailey returned the following night, at Queen Margaret College, Edinburgh, to perform a set composed entirely of punchlines.
Stubbs later quit to pursue a more serious career, and in 1994 Bailey performed Rock at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe with Sean Lock, a show about an aging rockstar and his roadie, script-edited by comedy writer Jim Miller. It was later serialised for the Mark Radcliffe show on BBC Radio 1. However, the show's attendances were not impressive and on one occasion the only person in the audience was comedian Dominic Holland. Bailey confessed in an interview with The Independent that he almost gave it up to do a telesales job.
He persevered, however, and went solo the next year with the one man show Bill Bailey's Cosmic Jam. The show was very well received and led to a recording at the Bloomsbury Theatre in London which was broadcast in 1996 on Channel 4 as a one-hour special called Bill Bailey Live. It was not until 2005 that this was released in DVD uncut and under its original title. It marked the first time that Bailey had been able to tie together his music and post-modern gags with the whimsical rambling style he is now known for.
After supporting Donna McPhail in 1995 and winning a Time Out award, he returned to Edinburgh in 1996 with a critically acclaimed show that was nominated for the Perrier Comedy Award. Amongst the other nominees was future Black Books co-star Dylan Moran, who narrowly beat him in the closest vote in the award's history.
Bailey won the Best Live Stand-Up award at the British Comedy Awards, 1999.
Television
Though he didn't win the Perrier in 1996, the nomination was enough to get him noticed, and in 1998 the BBC gave him his own television show, Is It Bill Bailey?
This was not Bailey's first foray into television. His debut was on the children's TV show Motormouth in the late 1980s, playing piano for a mind-reading dog.The trick went hilariously wrong, and Bailey reminisced about the experience on the BBC show Room 101 with Paul Merton in 2000. In 1991, he was appearing in stand-up shows such as The Happening, Packing Them In, The Stand Up Show, and The Comedy Store. He also appeared as captain on two panel games, an ITV music quiz pilot called Pop Dogs, and the poorly received Channel 4 sci-fi quiz show, Space Cadets. However Is it Bill Bailey? was the first time he had written and presented his own show.
With his star on the rise and gaining public recognition, over the next few years, Bailey made well received guest appearances on shows such as Have I Got News For You, World Cup Comedy, Room 101, Des O'Connor Tonight, Coast to Coast and three episodes of off-beat Channel 4 sitcom Spaced, in which he played comic-shop manager Bilbo Bagshot.
In 1998, Dylan Moran approached him with the pilot script for Black Books, a Channel 4 sitcom about a grumpy bookshop owner, his put-upon assistant, and their neurotic female friend. It was commissioned in 2000, and Bailey took the part of the assistant Manny Bianco, with Moran playing the owner Bernard, and Tamsin Greig the friend, Fran. Three series of six episodes were made, building up a large cult fanbase, providing the public awareness on which Bailey would build a successful national tour in 2001.
When Sean Hughes left his long-term role as a team captain on Never Mind the Buzzcocks in 2002, Bailey became his successor. His style quickly blended into the show, possibly helped by his background in music. He soon developed a rapport of sorts with host Mark Lamarr, who continually teased him about his looks and his pre-occupation with woodland animals. It was announced on the 18th of September 2008 that Bill would be leaving the series and be replaced by a series of guest captains including Jack Dee and Dermot O'Leary. Whilst touring in 2009, Bailey joked that his main reason for leaving the show was a lack of desire to continue humming Britney Spears' Toxic to little known figures in the indie music scene.
Bailey has appeared frequently on the intellectual panel game QI since it began in 2003, appearing alongside host Stephen Fry and regular panellist Alan Davies. Other television appearances include a cameo role in Alan Davies' drama series Jonathan Creek as failing street magician Kenny Starkiss and obsessed guitar teacher in the "Holiday" episode of Sean Lock's Fifteen Storeys High. He later appeared with Lock again as a guest on his show TV Heaven, Telly Hell. He has also appeared twice on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross.
Bailey also presented Wild Thing I Love You which began on Channel 4 on 15 October 2006. The series focuses on the protection of Britain's wild animals, and has included rehoming badgers, owls, and water voles.
Bailey has most recently appeared in the second series of the E4 teenage "dramedy" Skins playing Maxxie's Dad, Walter Oliver. In episode 1, Walter struggles with his son's desire to be a dancer, instead wishing him to become a builder, which is what he himself does for a living. Walter is married to Jackie, played by Fiona Allen.
Bailey appeared on the first episode of Grand Designs Live on 4 May 2008, helping Kevin McCloud build his eco-friendly home. In 2009 Bailey appeared in the BBC show "Hustle" as the Character "Cyclops", a side-line character. In the Autumn of 2009 Bailey will be presenting, Bill Bailey's Big Bird Watch.
International tours
Bailey in concert, 2007 Photo: Brian Marks
In 2001, Bailey began touring the globe with Bewilderness, which became a huge success. A recording of a performance in Swansea was released on DVD the same year, and the show was broadcast on Channel 4 that Christmas. A modified version of it also proved successful in America, and in 2002 Bill released a CD of a recording at the WestBeth Theatre in New York. The show contained all his trademarks, popular music parodies (such as Unisex Chip Shop, a Billy Bragg tribute which he actually performed with Billy Bragg at the 2005 Glastonbury Festival), "three men in a pub" jokes (including one in the style of Geoffrey Chaucer) and deconstructions of television themes such as Countdown and The Magic Roundabout. A 'Bewilderness' CD was sold outside gigs, which was actually just a mixture of studio recordings of songs and monologues Bill had performed in the past - it was later released in shops as Bill Bailey: The Ultimate Collection... Ever!. That same year he also presented a Channel 4 countdown, Top Ten Prog Rock.
Bailey premiered his show Part Troll at the 2003 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. A critical and commercial success, he then transferred it to the West End where tickets sold out in under 24 hours, and new dates had to be added. Since then he has toured it all over the UK as well as in America, Australia and New Zealand. The show marked the first time Bailey had really tackled political material, as he expanded on subjects such as the war on Iraq, which he had only touched upon before in his Bewilderness New York show. He also talks extensively on drugs, at one point asking the audience to name different ways of baking cannabis. A DVD was released in 2004.
2005 finally saw the release of his 1995 show Bill Bailey's Cosmic Jam. The 2-disc set also contained a director's cut of Bewilderness, which featured a routine on Stephen Hawking's A Brief History of Time not seen in the original version.
Bailey performed at show at the 2006 Edinburgh Festival Fringe entitled "Steampunk". It looked set to become the fastest selling fringe show ever (The previous record holder also being Bailey in The Odd Couple in 2005.) But a ticketing mix-up forced the last 10% of tickets to be Purchased in person from the venue rather than pre-booked, meaning the venue filled at a slower overall rate than it should have.
Bailey appeared at the Beautiful Days festival in August 2007. The UK leg of the Tinselworm tour enjoyed 3 sell-out nights at the MEN Arena in Manchester, Europe's largest indoor arena, and culminated with a sell-out performance at Wembley Arena.
Early in 2007, a petition was started to express fans' wishes to see him cast as a dwarf in the 2010 film The Hobbit, after his stand-up routine mentioned auditioning for Gimli in The Lord of the Rings. The petition reached its goal in the early days of January, and was sent to the producers. It was hoped that as the Tinselworm tour took him to Wellington in New Zealand where the film is in pre-production, that he would be able to audition..
Other appearances
In 2000 he had a small role in British comedy film Saving Grace, and also voiced the sperm whale in 2005's The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy movie.
In 2002, Bailey provided the voice for a BMW Mini advertising campaign, as well as writing and performing a series of British Airways adverts in which, through the use of music, he took a humorous look at several locations around the world.
Bailey has also performed dramatic roles in two Edinburgh Festival Fringe shows, both directed by Guy Masterson. He played Juror #4 in a 2003 version of Twelve Angry Men featuring comedians in the roles of the jurors and also co-starred as Oscar in a 2005 production of The Odd Couple alongside Alan Davies.
Radio appearances include two episodes each of Chain Reaction, The 99p Challenge, I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue, and three episodes of Just a Minute, as well as presenting Good Vibrations: The History of the Theremin, co-hosting the first series of The Museum Of Curiosity and appearing on Loose Ends.
In 2005, he appeared in Birmingham, as an act for "Jasper Carrott's Rock with Laughter". He appeared alongside performers such as Bonnie Tyler, Jasper Carrott, Lenny Henry, Bobby Davro and the Lord of the Dance troupe.
Bill Bailey was due to appear in Shaun of the Dead, but in the commentary included with the DVD Simon Pegg and Edgar Wright said that he was not in the film because he was busy with other commitments at the time. He did however have two minor roles as the desk sergeant twins in Pegg and Wright's 2007 film Hot Fuzz.
Bill Bailey hosting So You Think You're Funny.
In February 2007 Bailey organised, produced and starred in a West End show called Pinter's People, a collection of sketches by playwright Harold Pinter. The show also starred Kevin Eldon, Sally Phillips and Geraldine McNulty.
In March 2007, Bill Bailey appeared at the International Human Beatbox Convention at the South Bank Centre in London, introducing Shlomo to the stage for the climax of the concert, as well as showing off his own beatboxing.
On 4 May 2007, he appeared as the guest presenter of BBC One's Have I Got News for You and again on the 9 May 2008.
In July 2007, Bill Bailey narrated a series of animated reading books for dyslexic children called 'Nessy Tales'.
On 9 June 2008 Bailey was the guest on Radio 4's Desert Island Discs and, later the same day, appeared in the first episode of an adaptation of The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists on the same station.
Also in June Bill made a guest appearance on the Australian show 'Rove Live' and whilst in a questionnaire to win $20 in 20 seconds, answered the question; "Who would you turn gay for?" by replying; "The pope"
In September, he was one of the hosts of the So You Think You're Funny comedy gala at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.
On 12 November 2008, Bill was one of the performers of "We Are Most Amused", a special comedy performance to celebrate the 60th birthday of Prince Charles.
Music
Bailey is a talented pianist and guitarist and has perfect pitch. His stand-up routines often feature music from genres such as jazz, rock (most notably prog rock from the early seventies), drum'n'bass, rave and classical, usually for comic value. Favourite instruments include the keyboard, guitar, theremin, kazoo and bongos. He also mentioned in an interview that he has achieved Grade 6 Clarinet. He was also part of punk band Beergut 100, which he founded in 1995 with comedy writer Jim Miller and also featured Martin Trenaman and Phil Whelans, with Kevin Eldon as lead singer. The band performed at the 2006 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. Trenaman and Welans had previously appeared in Cosmic Jam under the name "The Stan Ellis Experiment", and Trenaman and Eldon later featured with John Moloney in the Kraftwerk homage "Das Hokey Kokey" on the Part Troll tour. Bill claims that he and the three other performers are a Kraftwerk tribute band called Augenblick. To mark the final gig of the Part Troll tour on 1 January 2005 the band reappeared on stage after the "Das Hokey Kokey" joke to play an hour-long encore of music.
In February 2007, Bill appeared on two occasions with the BBC Concert Orchestra and Anne Dudley in a show entitled Cosmic Shindig. Performed in The Colosseum in Watford on 24 February and in the Queen Elizabeth Hall on 26 February, the show contained orchestrally accompanied versions of many of Bill's previously performed songs, an exploration of the instruments of the orchestra and a number of new pieces of music. The Queen Elizabeth Hall performance was aired on BBC Radio 3 on 16 March 2007 as a part of Comic Relief 2007.
Bill had planned to put himself forward as Britain's Eurovision entry in 2008, as a result of several fan petitions encouraging him to do so.
In October 2008 he performed Bill Bailey's Remarkable Guide to the Orchestra at the Royal Albert Hall with the BBC Concert Orchestra, conducted by Anne Dudley.
In November 2009 he was a guest on Private Passions, the biographical music discussion programme on BBC Radio 3.
Future
As of September 2008, Bailey is working on a film project about the explorer and naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace, in the form of an Indonesian travelogue. Bailey said in an interview that Wallace had been "airbrushed out of history", and that he feels a "real affinity" with him.
Selected works
Tours
Cosmic Jam (1995)
Bewilderness (2001)
Part Troll (2004)
Steampunk (2006)
Tinselworm (2008)
Bill Bailey Remarkable Guide to the Orchestra (2009)
DVDs
Bewilderness (12 November, 2001)
Part Troll (22 November, 2004)
Cosmic Jam (7 November, 2005)
Bill Bailey - The Classic Collection (27 November, 2006) (Boxset featuring Bewilderness, Part Troll and Cosmic Jam)
Tinselworm (10 November, 2008)
Bill Bailey - The Collector's Edition (10 November, 2008) (Boxset featuring Bewilderness, Part Troll, Cosmic Jam and Tinselworm)
Bill Bailey's Remarkable Guide to the Orchestra (23 November, 2009)
Bill Bailey - The Inevitable Boxset (23 November, 2009) (Boxset featuring Bewilderness, Part Troll, Cosmic Jam, Tinselworm and Bill Bailey's Remarkable Guide to the Orchestra)
Books
The Many Moods of Bill Bailey (A song book which collects 9 of Bill's most popular songs from the period of 1995-2005. Including instructions from Bill himself (which ventures into how they were created) and pictures) (2007)
TV/Film
Blue Heaven (Channel 4 TV series) (1994)
Asylum (1996)
Space Cadets (1997) (Regular Team Captain)
Is It Bill Bailey? (1998)
Spaced (19992001)
Have I Got News for You (Guest - 1999, 2001, 2005. Guest Presenter - 2007, 2008, 2009)
Saving Grace (2000)
Maid Marian and her Merry Men (1992). Cameo court jester to King John
Black Books (20002004)
Jonathan Creek
"Satan's Chimney" (2001)
"The Tailor's Dummy" (2003)
Wild West (20022004)
Never Mind the Buzzcocks (20022008) (Regular team captain)
QI (2003resent) (Frequent guest)
"15 Storeys High" - "The Holiday" (2004)
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005) (Voice of the Sperm Whale)
The Libertine (Small cameo role as advisor to Charles II of England).
Wild Thing I Love You (2006) (Presenter)
Top Gear (A Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car)
Hot Fuzz (2007)
Run Fatboy Run (2007) (Cameo)
Skins (2008)
Love Soup (2008)
We Are Most Amused (2008) (One-off special)
Hustle
"Return of the Prodigal" (2009)
"Diamond Seeker" (2009)
Bill Bailey's Remarkable Guide to the Orchestra (2009)
Steve's World (2009)
Burke and Hare (2010)
Bill Bailey's Bird Watching Bonanza (2010)
References
^ a b "Bill Bailey". screenonline. http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/1191391/.
^ a b "@BillBailey". Twitter. http://twitter.com/RealBillBailey/status/7701657445. "@BillBailey". Twitter. http://twitter.com/RealBillBailey/status/7707832487. "@BillBailey". Twitter. http://twitter.com/RealBillBailey/status/9570692935.
^ "Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand Ups". http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/C/comedy_standups/results/results.html. [dead link]
^ a b c "Desert Island Discs featuring Bill Bailey". Desert Island Discs. BBC. Radio 4. 2008-06-08.
^ "Comedy Map of Britain". News Events & Diary. King Edward's School, Bath. 2007. http://www.kesbath.com/cgi-local/artman/exec/search.cgi?cat=1&fields=art_num&keyword=1553&template=index/newspage.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
^ "People are obsessed by how I look", The Independent, 21 November 2008.
^ "Episode 1 - West London to the West Country". The Comedy Map of Britain. BBC 2. 2007-01-27.
^ "Bill Bailey - About Bill". http://www.billbailey.co.uk/about.php.
^ "All That Glitters". Wired, Croydon's listings magazine. http://www.wiredmag.co.uk/archive-feature.php?issue_id=50&feature_id=69. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
^ Gilded Balloon - So You Think You're Funny
^ Simon Neville (2006). "Looking back at a week of Fringe madness". living.scotsman.com. http://living.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=1484&id=1247052006. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
^ "The essential guide to Edinburgh". Special report Edinburgh 2006. Guardian Unlimited. 2006. http://arts.guardian.co.uk/edinburgh2006/story/0,,1826826,00.html. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
^ Eurovision (Latest News)
^ "Bill Bailey's Remarkable Guide to the Orchestra". guardian.co.uk. http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2008/oct/17/comedy. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
^ BBC Radio 3
^ "How Bill got his groove". Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/text/articles/2008/09/06/1220121596375.html. Retrieved 2008-09-15.
^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0371724/ "Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy", IMDB
External links
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Bill Bailey
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bill Bailey
Bill Bailey -- official website.
Bill Bailey at the Internet Movie Database.
Bill Bailey discography at Discogs.
Bill Bailey at the British Film Institute's Screenonline.
Bill Bailey on Chortle.
v d e
Black Books
Characters
Bernard Black Manny Bianco Fran Katzenjammer
Actors
Dylan Moran Bill Bailey Tamsin Greig
Other
List of Black Books episodes
Persondata
NAME
Bailey, Bill
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
Bailey, Mark
SHORT DESCRIPTION
English stand-up comedian, actor and musician
DATE OF BIRTH
24 February 1964
PLACE OF BIRTH
Bath, Somerset, England
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
Categories: 1964 births | English comedians | Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music | Alumni of Westfield College | English comedy musicians | English guitarists | English buskers | English stand-up comedians | Living people | People from Bath | People from Keynsham | Never Mind the BuzzcocksHidden categories: All articles with dead external links | Articles with dead external links from January 2010 | Articles needing additional references from December 2009 | All articles needing additional references About the Author
Cell Death according to Monty Python (cell death for dummies)
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Complete Idiot'S Guide To Solar Power - You'll Be Amazed !
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In the recent past, plugging your home to an independent solar power supply system was considered quite an expensive investment that only few could afford, still, some people hung onto the vision. It's now a common occurrence to seek information on the complete idiot's guide to solar power, which confirms that curiosity about green technology has grown, and with it the quantity of people who want to educate themselves on this electrifying new area.
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Electronic books, also called ebooks, are quickly taking off. Special devices dedicated to reading these ebooks, called ebook readers, have contributed to this newfound popularity with their powerful feature sets. At the forefront of this ebook revolution is Amazon's Kindle 2. The second-generation of Amazon's game-changing gadget, the Kindle 2 has a variety of features that people are getting excited about.
Ever stare at your computer screen and get a headache? So did people who used to read ebooks...but Amazon's Kindle 2 has changed all that. The Kindle 2 uses a new "e-ink" technology that doesn't have any glare, so you can read it in direct sunlight or in a dim room without hurting your eyes. The Kindle 2 also features crisp, clear images on a large display that rivals some print in paper books! Plus, with Kindle 2 you can even adjust the font size to your liking.
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5 Things CNN Money Loves About The Kindle 2
It's really good at what it's designed for: Reading books that are mostly text. Its e-ink screen technology makes reading a book almost as effortless as reading a book that's printed on paper. The slimmer new Kindle 2 design makes it easier to hold, carry, and turn pages. And the long battery life means you don't have to worry about getting lost in a text without a charging cable.
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Kindle-optimized Web sites are on the way. Instapaper, which lets you save magazine articles, news stories, and blog posts to "read later" is one of our favorite Web sites and iPhone apps. Now founder Marco Arment is working on a version that's tuned to the Kindle's browser.
It's super for traveling, with a few caveats. When I spent three months backpacking in Europe several summers ago, I brought too many books: A few thick editions of Lonely Planet and Let's Go, a Rick Steves, novels for 8-hour train rides, Eurail timetable, and more. A Kindle 2 would swallow all of those into a much smaller, lighter package, plus it would be searchable. But: The Sprint (S) wireless features will not work outside the U.S., so make sure you get everything before you get on the plane. And while black-and-white maps are passable on the Kindle, color illustrations -- e.g., subway maps -- are often useless.
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With all of these options, it's clear to see why Amazon's Kindle 2 is leading the way in the world of ebooks. Just like Apple's ipod changed the way we interact with music, the Kindle 2 is revolutionizing the book world, offering easy-to-use hand-held personal digital libraries. Modern technology has finally caught up the printing press.
About the Author
Ross Michaels, LLC is headquartered in Columbus, Ohio and is an international importer, providing the highest quality unique electronic accessories at outstanding values. Checkout our variety of quality products for Kindles, iPod, iPhones and Ebook readers. http://www.rossmichaels.com
Funny Tech Show - Securing your computer - Crash Tech Dummies Episode 17
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Can I completely delete my messenger archives from my server at work?
I didn't know that that my archives were saved on my server at work if I chatted with someonewhile at work. Yikes! I used Web Messenger from work for some personal conversations several months ago. My company has since cracked down on personal use of the computers so I no longer chat, but I would hate for those old chats to end up on the desk of the HR Director. Does Web Messenger also save those files to the local server . Like a dummy, I believed people when they said all this was saved to Yahoo's servers. Yikes.
Only a good relation with the admin of your network will do it, or if you have got good 'peeking' skills. You can get much more help from "Networking" section, ask there about "how one can access to the server in a office envorinment?" But again I'll say that you should do it by an 'under the table' deal with your network admin :)
Happy dealing!
Aether for dummies!
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[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] Starting a non-profit for dummies???
I currently know next to nothing about starting a non-profit organization, but have a great venture that easily falls within those parameters.
What I need to know is the best way to get started.... and any other useful info. ....
THANK YOU !!!!
The Foundation Center is a great resource for you! The website is http://www.foundationcenter.org and if you look under their "Getting Started" tab you will find a ton of resources to guide you through the process. There is even a free online tutorial on starting a nonprofit org.
Gerix Wifi Cracker - WEP Hacking for Dummies
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I need to access a mirror of a bioinformatics database hosted on my school which uses a simple web-based form. But I have to do this 3000 times unless I can automate the whole process. Can someone provide pointers to an easy way to automate this. I think I will have an input.txt containing 3000 lines with the line j containing the values var[j][1], var[j][2], .., var[j][n] (I don't know what n is yet, but may just be 1) where these are the n variables that the web-query would need.
I know some C and some shell scripting, but I would like the easiest and "for-dummies" suggestion.
What playform do you have available? On a Unix box, you could create a simple script that builds the input form and then submits it to the web server using telnet on port 80 (or whatever the port is). You could also write a C program to do it.
Basically, each time through the loop, build the file containing the form data, submit it to the server, then keep going until all of your input records have been read.
An example o fusing the telnet... (assuming at the unix shell)...
$ telnet some.host.name.com 80 <<==eof== get /oradoc/plsql.pdf ==eof==
The above example will fetch the plsql.pdf document from the web server's document root. Now you can reverse this by building a form and redirecting the get above with the form.
Shotgun sequencing
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Internet Generation Lead The Way For Social Media Marketing
Now I'm not sure about you but my first taste of the Internet came in my teens – around the same time that Ecstasy hit the market. Two massive phenomena's that changed the way people party and communicate. Now I am not advocating Ecstasy but just highlighting how at around the same time both became popular, perhaps not for the same reasons.
One major difference between them despite their popularity, is Ecstasy is claimed to harm brain cells and the Internet is argued to increase brainpower. On the other hand one thing that they do have in common is that Ecstasy is said to have broken down communication boundaries – people are loved up and accepting – communication or lack of it, depending on your trip, changed…inthe same way the internet has changed the way we communicate today…surely that's all good right?
Not everybody would agree. British Professor Nicholas Carr highlights what he believes is a negative assertion of the Internet by stating that Internet use reduces the deep thinking that leads to true creativity. He also says that hyperlinks and over stimulation means that the brain must give most of its attention to short-term decisions. The vast availability of information on the World Wide Web overwhelms the brain and hurts long-term memory. This is as a result of large quantities of stimuli leading to a very large cognitive load making it difficult to remember anything.
Steven Pinker a Psychologist offers a counter argument that the Internet gives people more control over what they do, and that research and reasoning never came naturally to people and asserts that the Internet is actually making people smarter.
So where is the evidence?
UCLA professor of psychiatry Gary Small studied brain activity in experienced web surfers versus casual web surfers. The resulting evidence suggested that the distinctive neural pathways of experienced Web users had developed because of their Web use. Dr. Small concluded, "The current explosion of digital technology not only is changing the way we live and communicate, but is rapidly and profoundly altering our brains."
I guess time will tell how that will transpire. One thing I will say is that it is quite shocking how quickly the Internet can be grasped. For example whilst working at a pre-school centre I observed how an 18-month old girl, wearing a nappy and with a dummy in her mouth and still not acquired the power of speech, was able to pop herself in front of a computer, switch it on and then access a game she enjoyed playing. Her attention span exceeded her attention for singing Humpty Dumpty; in short she was absorbed and I might add quite good at the game. So what is this level of hand-eye-brain coordination doing to the brain synapses of a growing infant?
Again I guess time will tell.
For now one of the major advances of the Internet since it came into use is its function as a social media tool.
Surely this too should be all good right? The ability to access people from all over the world with the same interests can only advance ones life, right? Well not according to Evgeny Morozov who claims that social networking could be potentially harmful to people. He writes that they can destroy privacy, and notes that "Insurance companies have accessed their patients' Facebook accounts to try to disprove they have hard-to-verify health problems like depression; employers have checked social networking sites to vet future employees; university authorities have searched the web for photos of their students' drinking or smoking pot." He also said that the Internet also makes people more complacent and risk averse. He said that because much of the ubiquity of modern technology—cameras, recorders, and such—people may not want to act in unusual ways for fear of getting a bad name. People can see pictures and videos of you on the Internet, and this may make you act differently.
Social Media sites are also creating an element of people power that the marketers are in more control of than the governments (unless you take another stance and see the government controlling the marketer's – that's another article) The New York Times suggested that social media websites such as Facebook and Twitter helped people organise the political revolutions in Egypt where it helped certain classes of protesters organise protests, communicate grievances, and disseminate information.
It's no surprise then that in some countries social media sites are vetted and filtered and in some cases prohibited. A few years ago Turkey banned YouTube because somebody uploaded a video stating Ataturk (The founder of Turkey's Republic and adorned public figure) was Gay. For a country wanting to join the EU this was perhaps not a good move.
One thing for sure is that the Internet has bought the world closer and this indirectly leads to changes in the way people interact with each other and how businesses are operated compared to the world before Internet. In fact, Internet has opened up many business opportunities while at the same time making business more challenging due to the global competition effect.
The explosion of the Internet has resulted in social media marketing being the future of marketing,with tools such as blogs, Facebook and Twitter at the forefront. Geoff Livingston offers a dynamic definition of Social Media:
"Social media...is the democratization and socialization of information as well as the tools to facilitate online conversations. To put it another way, it is the shift from one-way to two-way conversations."
Marketing has long been seen as information distribution to your target audiences but that way of marketing is quickly dying. Livingston speaks to this by distinguishing "audiences" from "communities." And actually constitutes an entire paradigm shift.
Marketers no longer have the option of treating people like audiences because people no longer have to sit around listen. People have choices.
The hard fact is marketers no longer have the option of not engaging in community dialogue. Dialogue is happening whether we like it or not. We can either close our eyes and hope they're saying good things about our products and company; or we can help shape the conversation through our participation--and in turn be shaped ourselves.
So its time to get on the dance floor and be a part of the generation that is changing communication, marketing, brain function and probably a lot more that is yet to be discovered…
About the Author
Demet Dayanch is the senior marketing manager for Seawave Media Limited, the UK's number one provider of consumer lifestyle survey data and lifestyle survey leads. Demet was born in London, UK where she spent most of her life. She currently lives and works in Istanbul, Turkey. A student of psychology and lover of people she understands the human mind and heart – what motivates and inspires humanity in life as well as in the world of consumerism. Before her role as senior marketing manager for Seawave Media Limited she worked as a freelance copywriter for an international advertising agency where she utilized her creative writing talent to come up with catchy headlines and text for advertising campaigns. Her writing style is informative, personal and entertaining.To find out more about Seawave Media please visit our website www.seawavemedia.com or call Tulip, senior sales manager, on 0845 056 3593, or 07053 544966 or email tulip@seawavemedia.com
Social Media Marketing For Dummies
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This paper focuses on the classification of cipher system, i.e., stream and block cipher . The benefits of stream cipher over block cipher system. The classification of attacks on stream cipher systems and techniques of cryptanalysis and immunity towards those types of attacks.
Keywords: Stream Cipher, Attacks,Cryptology, Cryptanalysis, Classification of Ciphers and Attacks.
Introduction
A specific method to hide the meaning of a message is called a cipher, and the process of transforming the message or plaintext to a coded message, or ciphertext, is known as encryption. The reverse process of transforming the ciphertext back to the original plaintext is known as decryption. A cipher can be seen as a combination of a general cryptographic algorithm and a key that decides the encryption details in the specific case[1]. The key in modern ciphers is often a sequence of bits (zeros and ones). As the general algorithm is often publicly known, the confidentiality of the message depends on the secrecy of the key (Kerckoff’s law).
Cryptanalysis is the science of recovering information without knowledge of the key. The term cryptology is sometimes used for the area of cryptography and cryptanalysis together. Cryptology uses ideas from several other fields such as information theory, computer science, number theory, and abstract algebra.
Classification of Ciphers
Cryptosystems can either be secret key and symmetric (AES, DES, RC4), or public key and asymmetric (ElGamal, McEliece, RSA). In a symmetric system the sender and receiver have agreed on a secret key, that is used for both encryption and decryption. In an asymmetric cryptosystem the sender uses the receiver’s publicly available public key to encrypt, and the receiver can then decrypt with his private key. The idea of public key cryptography was proposed as recently as 1976 by Diffie and Hellman [2]. The first public key cryptosystem was RSA, which was proposed in 1977 by Rivest, Shamir and Adleman [3]. In secret key cryptography a public key cryptosystem is often used to distribute the secret key.
Symmetric cryptosystems is usually divided into stream ciphers and block ciphers. Stream ciphers encrypt individual characters (usually binary digits) of a plaintext one at a time, using an encryption transformation which varies with time. By contrast, block ciphers tend to simultaneously encrypt groups of characters of a plaintext message using a fixed encryption transformation.
Block ciphers operate with a fixed transformation on large blocks of plaintext data; stream ciphers operate with a time-varying transformation on individual plaintext digits. While block ciphers operate on large blocks of data, stream ciphers typically operate on smaller units of plaintext, usually bits. The encryption of any particular plaintext with a block cipher will result in the same ciphertext when the same key is used. With a stream cipher, the transformation of these smaller plaintext units will vary, depending on when they are encountered during the encryption process.
The benefits of Stream Ciphers over Block ciphers are[4]:
Stream ciphers are generally much faster than block ciphers.
The keystream can be sometimes be generated prior to encryption/decryption.
No or limited error propagation
Low hardware complexity
Long period with no repetitions
Statistically random
Depends on large enough key
Large linear complexity
Correlation immunity
Confusion
Diffusion
Use of highly non-linear Boolean functions
Attacks on Stream Ciphers
An Attack is a successful or unsuccessful attempt at breaking part or all of a cryptosystem. The cryptanalysis (Kryptos = “hidden” and analytein = “ to loosen” ) is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information, without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so. Typically, this involves finding the secret key. There are several common types of attacks that an attacker can use to enter a system, such as those that exploit buffer overflows, weak passwords, or even configuration issues. Aside from the common types of attacks and their associated vulnerabilities, there exist plenty of other types of attacks that can be used to make life difficult for a system or security administrator.
The cryptanalysis uses the following tools [15]:
Probability theory and statistics.
The Linear algebra
Abstract algebra (group theory)
Computer languages
Complexity theory
The methods for attacking a stream cipher can be classified according to the information available to the cryptanalyst, the aim of the attack, or the way the attack is done. It is often assumed that the attacker has knowledge of the cryptographic algorithm, but not the key.
Fig: A binary additive stream cipher [16].
The different categories of attacks based on the information available to the attacker include:
Ciphertext-only attack: known ciphertext attack is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker is assumed to have access only to a set of ciphertexts. The attack is completely successful if the corresponding plaintexts can be deduced, or even better, the key. The plaintext must have
redundancies for such an attack to be successful. The various statistical techniques developed by cryptographers for attacking ciphertext are:
Frequency analysis.
Traffic analysis
Brute force attack
Known-plaintextattack: The attacker has samples of both the plaintext and its encrypted version (ciphertext) and is at liberty to make use of them to reveal further secret information; typically this is the secret key.
· Chosen-plaintextattack: A chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis which presumes that the attacker has the capability to choose arbitrary plaintexts to be encrypted and obtain the corresponding ciphertexts. The goal of the attack is to gain some further information which reduces the security of the encryption scheme. In the worst case, a chosen-plaintext attack could reveal the scheme's secret key. Any cipher that can prevent chosen-plaintext attacks is then also guaranteed to be secure against known-plaintext and ciphertext-only attacks; this is a conservative approach to security. The two distinguished forms of chosen plaintext attacks are :
§ Batch chosen-plaintext attack
§ Adaptive chosen-plaintext attack
Chosen-ciphertextattack: An attack model wherethe cryptanalyst gathers information, at least in part, by choosing a ciphertext and obtaining its decryption under an unknown key. The aim is to deduce the key. A better approach is to use a cryptosystem which is provably secure under chosen-ciphertext attack, including (among others) RSA-OAEP, Cramer-Shoup and many forms of authenticated symmetric encryption.
The attacks are also classified based on the aim of the attack as follows:
Key recovery: A method to recover the key.
Prediction A method for predicting a bit or sequence of bits of the keystream with a probability better than guessing.
Distinguishing A statistical method to distinguish the keystream from a random sequence
Key Recovery methods:
Exhaustive Key Search: is a trivial way to recover a key. Given a keystream the attacker tries all different keys until the right one is found. If the key is n bits, the attacker has to try 2n keys in the worst case and 2n?1 keys on average. Brute force attack requires a large amount of computing power and a large amount of time to run. For the majority of encryption algorithms a brute force attack is impractical due to the large number of possibilities.
Key Size n(bits)
Number of
Alternative Keys
Time required at
1 encryption/µs
Time required at
106 encryptions/µs
32
232 = 4.3 x 109
231 µs = 35.8 minutes
2.15 milliseconds
56
256 = 4.3 x 1016
255 µs = 1142 years
10.01 hours
128
2128 = 4.3 x 1038
2127 µs = 5.4 x 109 years
5.4 x 1018 years
168
2168 = 4.3 x 1050
2167 µs = 5.9 x 1036 years
5.9 x 1030 years
26 characters (permutation)
26! = 4 x 1036
2 x 1026 µs = 6.4 x 1012 years
6.4 x 106 years
Average Time Required for Exhaustive Key Search
Dictionary attack: This essentially involves running through a dictionary of words in the hope that the key (or the plaintext) is one of them. This type of attack is often used to determine passwords since people usually use easy to remember words. So this type o attack can be prevented by avoiding the words present in the dictionaries as key or password. Alphanumeric characters can be a better option against dictionary attack.
Time Memory Trade-offs: A time memory trade-off (TMTO) attack is an attack were large amounts of precomputed data is used to lower the computational complexity. The name comes from the fact that there is often a trade-off between the amount of memory used for data storage and the amount of time used for computations. Birthday attack is the first TMTO attack used to break A5 cipher used in GSM standard [5]. To avoid the known TMTO attacks for stream ciphers, the state size should be at least twice the key size, and the IV size should be at least as large as the key size.
Distinguishing Attacks: A distinguishing attack is a method for distinguishing the keystream from a truly random sequence. Distinguishing attacks can be generic in the sense that they are likely to work on a category of ciphers, or very specific and targeted at a specific cipher. A typical specific distinguishing attack uses the fact that some part of the keystream, with a high probability, is a function of some other parts of the keystream.
Zi = f(Zi?1,Zi?1, . . . ,Zi?n)
If a cipher fails any of the ordinary statistical tests like frequency test, serial test, poker test, runs test, and autocorrelation test, this can be used to distinguish the keystream. Distinguishing attacks often require large amounts of keystream. An easy way to get away from such attacks is to state that the cipher must be rekeyed after a certain amount of keystream.
Guess and Determinate attack: The strategy used here is to guess a few of the unknown variables in the cipher, and from the guessed values deduce the values of other unknown variables. This is often slower compared to exhaustive key search due to nonlinearities and irregularities in the cipher. Because of this, an assumption is made that makes the cipher more linear. If the probability that the assumption holds is p, the expected number of tries until the assumption holds are 1/p.
The attack is successful if 2g · (1/p) · w < 2k, where g is the number of guessed bits, p is the probability that the assumption holds, w is the work needed to determine if the guess is right and the assumption holds, and k is the key size.
Differential Cryptanalysis:
The attacker can introduce errors during the computation, leading to an error in the output. By examining the difference between an unfaulty computation and a faulty one, the attacker can deduce information on the computation [6]. These ideas are used in various cryptanalytic attacks on stream ciphers. For example, in [7] it is shown that two IVs with some given difference may produce the same key stream. A key difference or even an initial value difference can be used to predict the stream differences with some probability. This phenomena is easily observed and detected where the key loading procedure and the key updating procedure are linear (as in an LFSR), as well as in nonlinear procedures that initialize the internal state of the stream cipher like in RC4 [8].
Correlation attack: The correlation attack is a class of attack on stream cipher and can be applied if the keystream z1, z2, . . .zn must be correlated with the output sequence a1, a2 . . . of a much simpler internal device, such as a LFSR. The two sequences are correlated if the probability P(zi = ai) ? 0.5[9][10][11]. Synchronous stream ciphers are resynchronized frequently. During the resynchronization period, the secret key is manipulated while the power consumption is data dependent, we can utilize this mortal weakness to perform CPA (Correlation Power Analysis) to recover the secret key [18]. The basic correlation attacks are mainly cipher text only or known plain text attack.
Algebraic attack: A method of cryptanalytic attack used against block ciphers and stream ciphers that exhibit a significant amount of mathematical structure. Any stream cipher is defined by a system of algebraic equations. A solution of this system gives the secret key. Algebraic attacks on LFSR-based stream ciphers recover the secret key by solving an over defined system of multivariate algebraic equations. They exploit multivariate relations involving key bits and output bits and become very efficient if such relations of low degrees may be found. In view of algebraic attacks, low degree multiples of Boolean functions are a basic concern in the design of stream ciphers as well as of block ciphers.
The immunity for Algebraic attack is, if there are several filtering functions fi in a stream cipher, there should be no algebraic combination of the fi and of “reasonable” size, that would have an unusually low degree. By extension, this criterion also applies to stream ciphers that have only one filtering function.
Indeed a cipher having only one filtering function f, can be seen as using several functions defined as: f, f ? L, f ? L2, . . .. It can be seen that, in all cases, our security criterion can be re-formulated as: there should be no non-trivial multivariate relations of low degree that relate the key bits and one or many output bits of the cipher [12].
Side Channel Attack: “Side channel” attacks are based on “Side channel information”.Side channel information is informationretrieved from the physical implementation instead of theoretic weaknesses. Any information that can be measured, and is dependent on the key, state, or plaintext. Side channel analyses are of concern because the attacks can be mounted quickly and also be implemented using readily available hardware costing only a few dollars to thousands of dollars. The amount of time required to attack and analysis depends on the types of attack (power analysis, timing attack,etc). In a timing attack the attacker tries to break a cipher by analyzing the execution time for encryption or decryption. It can be done if the encryption or decryption time depends on the input. The cryptosystems often take slightly different time to process different inputs. This is usually the case for asymmetric algorithms [13].
The timing attacks are based on measuring the time required for a unit to perform operations. This information can lead to the information about the secret keys. Power analysis is similar to a timing attack, but the attacker studies the power consumption of a cryptographic device (smart card, CPU). Other information that has been suggested includes leaked electromagnetic radiation and sound [14]. To circumvent side channel attacks, in general the time that operations take must be totally independent of the input data or key data. Whenever different sub operations are performed according to key bits or input data ,all sub operations should take same number of clock cycles. This will prevent timing attacks. Blinding is another technique for preventing side channel attacks.. Blinding means that the execution time and power consumption are made independent of the inputs.
The other technique to prevent side channel attacks is by avoiding the use of procedures that use intermediates or keys for conditional branching operations. Calculations should be performed using functions that use elementary operations (AND,OR and EXOR). This feature can make it extremely difficult to guess the input and key values using measurement of timing or power consumption .Introduction of random delays to perform the operations can also make the attack difficult. Power Consumption Balancing can also be used where dummy registers and gates are used to perform useless operations. Reducing the signal size and addition of noise increases the number of samples required to attack, possibly to an unfeasibly large number [17].
Conclusion
This paper summarizes the basic Cryptographic cipher system, specially the Stream cipher system, its advantages over the Block cipher system. The attacks and classification of attacks and some common types of attacks applied on Stream cipher systems for cryptanalysis and the Immunity towards those types of attacks.
References:
[1]. Simon Singh. The Code Book: The Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography. Anchor Books, New York, 2000. ISBN 0-385-49532-3.
[2]. Whitfield Diffie and Martin E. Hellman. New Directions in Cryptography. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 22(6):644–654, November 1976.
[3]. Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Len Adleman. A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-Key Cryptosystems. Communications of the ACM, 21(2):120–126, 1978. http://theory.lcs.mit.edu/~rivest/rsapaper.pdf.
[4]. Marcus Schafheutle and Stefan Pyka. Stream Ciphers. Technical report, NESSIE consortium, February 2003. 103–122 pp. https://www.cosic.esat.kuleuven.be/nessie/deliverables/D20-v2.pdf.
[5]. Jovan Dj. Goli´c. Cryptanalysis of alleged A5 stream cipher. In Eurocrypt’97 LNCS 1233, pages 239–255.Springer-Verlag,1997.
[7]. Hongjun Wu, Bart Preneel, Attacking the IV Setup of Py and Pypy, eSTREAM website, 2006. Available online at http://www.ecrypt.eu.org/stream/papersdir/2006/050.pdf.
[8]. Ronald L. Rivest, RSA security Response to weaknesses in key scheduling algorithm of RC4, Technical note, RSA Data Security, Inc., 2001. [The structure of RC4 was never published officially, it was leaked in 1994 to the Internet. This note confirms that the leaked code is indeed RC4].
[9]. Thomas Siegenthaler. Decrypting a Class of Stream Ciphers Using Ciphertext Only. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 34(1):81–85, January 1985
[10]. Fredrik J¨onsson. Some results on fast correlation attacks. PhD thesis, Lund University, May 2002.
[11]. Willi Meier and Othmar Staffelbach. Fast correlation attacks on certain stream
ciphers. Journal of Cryptology, 1(3):159–176, 1989.
[12]. Algebraic Attacks on Stream Ciphers with Linear Feedback Nicolas T. Courtois1 and Willi Meier2 Cryptography Research, Schlumberger Smart Cards, 36-38 rue de la Princesse, BP 45, F-78430 Louveciennes Cedex, France, courtois@minrank.org 2 FH Aargau, CH-5210 Windisch, Switzerland, meierw@fh-argau.ch.
[13]. David Brumley and Dan Boneh. Remote Timing Attacks are Practical. In Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Security Symposium, August 2003.
[14]. Adi Shamir and Eran Tromer. Acoustic cryptanalysis: on nosy people and noisy machines. http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~tromer/acoustic/
[15] M. Robshaw. Stream ciphers. Technical Report TR – 701. RSALabs, July 1995.
[16] Analysis of Stream Cipher Security Algorithm,Journal of Information and Computing Science,Vol. 2, No. 4, 2007, pp. 288-298, Musbah J. Aqel 1 +, Ziad A. Alqadi 2 ++, Ibraheim M. El Emary, Received October 12, 2006, accepted January 30 2007.
[17] An Introduction to Side Channel Attacks , Hagai Bar-El, White paper,Discretix Technologies limited.
[18] Correlation Power Analysis Attack against Synchronous Stream Ciphers, Keke Wu1, Huiyun Li1, Bo Peng2, Fengqi Yu1 1. Department of Integrated Electronics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (CAS), Shenzhen, China 2. Side Channel Security Technology LaboratoryZTEIC Design Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China {kk.wu, hy.li, fq.yu}@siat.ac.cn, peng.bo@zte.com.cn.
About the Author
Anaish for Dummies - a dictionary of the language of Anastacia fans
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[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] How long roughly before my toddler starts talking?
i know its different for everyone,but im curious. hes 14months,walking,running round has a few teeth,copies everything we do and babbles,he says long sentences that sound like a foriegn language.he is talking but in his own language and talks all day so im wondering how long before he starts talking english!he calls his Dummy a Da! thanks
It is imminent!!
What you have described perfectly is part of the developmental pathway. First 'babbling,' then 'scribble talk' with word like forms amongst it, then words.
Beware he is about to become a speaking human being!
How to Make a Knit Stitch, English-Style For Dummies
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Simple Forex Trading Strategies: Easy Forex Trading For Dummies And Investment Idiots
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As well, you ought to also be prepared to lose the quantity that you're designing to put in. Don't simply place all of your savings into this business because you might end up broke. The amount of cash that you're coming up with to speculate ought to also be the quantity of cash that you are ready to lose. Although, having a few abilities and knowledge on how to produce in the foreign exchange trading will make your investment a calculated risk; in this manner reducing the percentages of losing them.
Simple Forex Trading Strategies: Easy Forex Trading For Dummies And Investment Idiots- Tools Of The Trade
If you're a neophyte in this domain then one of the most important ideas on forex trading for dummies that you need to always keep in mind is to utilize an excellent tool to assist you become successful within your forex trades. 1 of the greatest resources, used even by well experienced traders and consultants, is an automated forex trading robot that can considerably improve your earning potentials.
Simple Forex Trading Strategies: Easy Forex Trading For Dummies And Investment Idiots - Aotopilot Trading?
These robots are well programmed to understand advanced algorithms and knowledge to be able to generate well dependable analysis and recommendations on which currencies to invest at a particular time. You can also program the software to run on autopilot mode where it can independently carry out some trades for you and come up generating gains.
Simple Forex Trading Strategies: Easy Forex Trading For Dummies And Investment Idiots - Conclusion
Having this software with you are able to significantly place you other than the rest of the traders who don't have 1; hence, it would be most beneficial to get 1 for yourself if you are coming up with to invest in this market. Don't forget these particular tips on forex trading for dummies and you shall finally become profitable within your planned endeavor within this marketplace. Follow The above Simple Forex Trading Strategies to help yourself become successful and make Easy Forex Trading For Dummies And Investment Idiots.
About the Author
Trying to uncover the right Forex robot software is vital for your forex trading desires. Their are a quantity of forex robots well established in the marketplace it is important to know the information relating to these forex trading robots. Discover further in depth analysis and free forex robot information by clicking here Simple Forex Trading Strategies . In order to realize how to find Easy Forex Trading For Dummies And Investment Idiots and whether Forex trading systems are genuine or merely a scam Visit http://Best3.ForexSoftwareReviewsNow.com.
Consulting For Dummies - is consulting the career for you...
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[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] need help with building website-how to type question?
I want to create my own website that i can manage and become sucessful off of and I need help with, 1.) how do I start it, 2.) what I need and, 3.) is there a place online that is like a manual on how to build one like for ex. (-for dummies) if you have any info. or websites where there are instructions or you know how please please PLEASE answer ten points to whoever helps me the most.
You can find out step by step guide on how to create a website at http://oktutorial.com/webdesign.htm You can even earn from adsense using your website.
how to build a free website for dummies
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[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] I need a free image editor that will let me create PNG files by cutting out a part of the image. Not Gimp!?
I need something simple for dummies. I would like it to have cloning and paint tools as well as image enhancing. I used to use Microsoft's Picture It before it was discontinued, and I am looking for something similar to that.
Paint.net http://www.getpaint.net/ it's completely free, and very useful. I used it quite a bit over summer when I didn't have access to Photoshop.
But its really easy, like an extensive Microsoft Paint, but like a bajillion times better. hahaha.
Use it.
Gimp For Dummies 1
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[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] Can you give me an idiots guide on how to make my computer faster?
Im really not that good with computer and I don't know jack didly about them so can anyone give me a dumbed down version of what I have to do to make it run faster? Like what kind of upgrades I need or system changes and such.
Check http://www.pc-optimizer-pro.com With pc optimizer pro you can safely clean, repair and optimize your computer. It will help improve your system performance without expensive hardware upgrades. Good luck!
Idiot's Guide To Basic Editing/File Transfer
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Christmas time came last winter and guess what my wife decided that I was going to do for her? Well she decided that come springtime I was going to build her a shed; she gave me no option to that idea because she got me the Shed Building for Dummies book for a present. I thought that I got cheated on that one for sure, but it turned out that the Shed Building for Dummies book was just what I needed.
I am the guy who jumps into a project and usually don’t have much of an idea what it will look like when it is completed. Nor do I know how long it will take or how much it will cost. I usually will draw a rough sketch of what I think I want and go from there. I always end up making many trips to the local building supply store to buy more lumber because I made a basic mistake in my sketch. After reading the Shed Building for Dummies book I stopped doing that. I now buy a professionally drawn set of plans and save lots of money and time.
It is a very bad idea to try to build a large building like a shed without a set of plans. The good ones always come with a material list so you only need to make one trip to purchase your materials. Good plans usually come with a cut list so you can cut all the parts and pieces of your shed ahead of time. That one feature alone will save you lots of assembly time.
The Shed Building for Dummies book is a great way to start but if you have any building experience at all a good set of plans will probably be all you will need. One thing you need to think about though is, will your project conform to the local building codes? Usually the plan designers have already thought about this.
There are lots of things you will need to think over before starting your shed. Such things as; types of foundations, location, electrical connections (if required), types of finish and maintenance will need to be considered before you start. If this is your first time building a project of this size you will need to familiarize yourself with some new things. You need a plan and you need it before you even think about starting.
Once I found out, in the Shed Building for Dummies book, that I would need a good set of plans I finished my shed completely in only a few weeks of working in my spare time. If I had done what I normally do, jump right in, I probably would have taken a lot longer and spent more money. The shed also would have been unsafe, unappealing and cost more to build.
Have you been trying to find a simple solution to your storage needs? If you are looking for an easy way to build the shed you need, then look no farther. You will discover everything you need for your shed projects, the Shed Building for Dummies book is great place to start, but you need a set of plans with a detailed material list. Please visit: www.1200ShedPlans.com to solve any of your shed building and storage problems.
About the Author
If you would like to have the very best in shed plans with a complete material and cut list you need to visit: www.1200ShedPlans.com to solve any of your shed building problems.
Book Of Mormon for Dummies- LDS General Conference comments - Take The Test!
