Visual Learner for HTMLCSS and Software to use to help friends PC issues?
I am looking for the best way for myself to learn html and CSS as well as how to use Dreamweaver cs5 to create websites of my own I am a visual learner and I have seen when I try to read something that doesn’t interest me or that doesn’t have the text readable or interesting then I have a hard time reading it so please help me there are dummy guide books teach yourself etc etc etc.... I did graduate with a certification for IT Technician but never did anything about it so I became rusty and create WebPages but never complete them really stressing and now I am looking for software that I can use for my friends to help them clean optimize and fix their pc?
Thanks,
This is a good place to get started
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How to Make Money With Affiliate Marketing Using Guru Siphon Formula Lessons (Review)
Affiliate marketing is one of the most popular methods of making money marketing online, especially as one can start without any down payment, and be accepted to promote affiliate products for which they can earn commissions on sales. However, over 80% of affiliate marketers are wallowing in the dark while only 20% super affiliates always walk away with the most sales.
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The Guru Siphon Formula Review
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Honestly, the Guru Siphon Formula is a great course delivered in very simple way that anyone - beginners and struggling affiliate marketers, can simply follow the 30 day blueprint to build their entire online business.
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For many years (centuries!), getting to an advanced level in english grammar was a very ambitious project, and perhaps you sometimes wondered if it was possible. There are so many grammar and spelling points to keep in mind with each and every word and sentence that you write - this can be a difficult task, but it's necessary in order to look professional and impressive.
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Can I completely delete my messenger archives from my server at work?
I didn't know that that my archives were saved on my server at work if I chatted with someonewhile at work. Yikes! I used Web Messenger from work for some personal conversations several months ago. My company has since cracked down on personal use of the computers so I no longer chat, but I would hate for those old chats to end up on the desk of the HR Director. Does Web Messenger also save those files to the local server . Like a dummy, I believed people when they said all this was saved to Yahoo's servers. Yikes.
Only a good relation with the admin of your network will do it, or if you have got good 'peeking' skills. You can get much more help from "Networking" section, ask there about "how one can access to the server in a office envorinment?" But again I'll say that you should do it by an 'under the table' deal with your network admin :)
Happy dealing!
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This paper focuses on the classification of cipher system, i.e., stream and block cipher . The benefits of stream cipher over block cipher system. The classification of attacks on stream cipher systems and techniques of cryptanalysis and immunity towards those types of attacks.
Keywords: Stream Cipher, Attacks,Cryptology, Cryptanalysis, Classification of Ciphers and Attacks.
Introduction
A specific method to hide the meaning of a message is called a cipher, and the process of transforming the message or plaintext to a coded message, or ciphertext, is known as encryption. The reverse process of transforming the ciphertext back to the original plaintext is known as decryption. A cipher can be seen as a combination of a general cryptographic algorithm and a key that decides the encryption details in the specific case[1]. The key in modern ciphers is often a sequence of bits (zeros and ones). As the general algorithm is often publicly known, the confidentiality of the message depends on the secrecy of the key (Kerckoff’s law).
Cryptanalysis is the science of recovering information without knowledge of the key. The term cryptology is sometimes used for the area of cryptography and cryptanalysis together. Cryptology uses ideas from several other fields such as information theory, computer science, number theory, and abstract algebra.
Classification of Ciphers
Cryptosystems can either be secret key and symmetric (AES, DES, RC4), or public key and asymmetric (ElGamal, McEliece, RSA). In a symmetric system the sender and receiver have agreed on a secret key, that is used for both encryption and decryption. In an asymmetric cryptosystem the sender uses the receiver’s publicly available public key to encrypt, and the receiver can then decrypt with his private key. The idea of public key cryptography was proposed as recently as 1976 by Diffie and Hellman [2]. The first public key cryptosystem was RSA, which was proposed in 1977 by Rivest, Shamir and Adleman [3]. In secret key cryptography a public key cryptosystem is often used to distribute the secret key.
Symmetric cryptosystems is usually divided into stream ciphers and block ciphers. Stream ciphers encrypt individual characters (usually binary digits) of a plaintext one at a time, using an encryption transformation which varies with time. By contrast, block ciphers tend to simultaneously encrypt groups of characters of a plaintext message using a fixed encryption transformation.
Block ciphers operate with a fixed transformation on large blocks of plaintext data; stream ciphers operate with a time-varying transformation on individual plaintext digits. While block ciphers operate on large blocks of data, stream ciphers typically operate on smaller units of plaintext, usually bits. The encryption of any particular plaintext with a block cipher will result in the same ciphertext when the same key is used. With a stream cipher, the transformation of these smaller plaintext units will vary, depending on when they are encountered during the encryption process.
The benefits of Stream Ciphers over Block ciphers are[4]:
Stream ciphers are generally much faster than block ciphers.
The keystream can be sometimes be generated prior to encryption/decryption.
No or limited error propagation
Low hardware complexity
Long period with no repetitions
Statistically random
Depends on large enough key
Large linear complexity
Correlation immunity
Confusion
Diffusion
Use of highly non-linear Boolean functions
Attacks on Stream Ciphers
An Attack is a successful or unsuccessful attempt at breaking part or all of a cryptosystem. The cryptanalysis (Kryptos = “hidden” and analytein = “ to loosen” ) is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information, without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so. Typically, this involves finding the secret key. There are several common types of attacks that an attacker can use to enter a system, such as those that exploit buffer overflows, weak passwords, or even configuration issues. Aside from the common types of attacks and their associated vulnerabilities, there exist plenty of other types of attacks that can be used to make life difficult for a system or security administrator.
The cryptanalysis uses the following tools [15]:
Probability theory and statistics.
The Linear algebra
Abstract algebra (group theory)
Computer languages
Complexity theory
The methods for attacking a stream cipher can be classified according to the information available to the cryptanalyst, the aim of the attack, or the way the attack is done. It is often assumed that the attacker has knowledge of the cryptographic algorithm, but not the key.
Fig: A binary additive stream cipher [16].
The different categories of attacks based on the information available to the attacker include:
Ciphertext-only attack: known ciphertext attack is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker is assumed to have access only to a set of ciphertexts. The attack is completely successful if the corresponding plaintexts can be deduced, or even better, the key. The plaintext must have
redundancies for such an attack to be successful. The various statistical techniques developed by cryptographers for attacking ciphertext are:
Frequency analysis.
Traffic analysis
Brute force attack
Known-plaintextattack: The attacker has samples of both the plaintext and its encrypted version (ciphertext) and is at liberty to make use of them to reveal further secret information; typically this is the secret key.
· Chosen-plaintextattack: A chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis which presumes that the attacker has the capability to choose arbitrary plaintexts to be encrypted and obtain the corresponding ciphertexts. The goal of the attack is to gain some further information which reduces the security of the encryption scheme. In the worst case, a chosen-plaintext attack could reveal the scheme's secret key. Any cipher that can prevent chosen-plaintext attacks is then also guaranteed to be secure against known-plaintext and ciphertext-only attacks; this is a conservative approach to security. The two distinguished forms of chosen plaintext attacks are :
§ Batch chosen-plaintext attack
§ Adaptive chosen-plaintext attack
Chosen-ciphertextattack: An attack model wherethe cryptanalyst gathers information, at least in part, by choosing a ciphertext and obtaining its decryption under an unknown key. The aim is to deduce the key. A better approach is to use a cryptosystem which is provably secure under chosen-ciphertext attack, including (among others) RSA-OAEP, Cramer-Shoup and many forms of authenticated symmetric encryption.
The attacks are also classified based on the aim of the attack as follows:
Key recovery: A method to recover the key.
Prediction A method for predicting a bit or sequence of bits of the keystream with a probability better than guessing.
Distinguishing A statistical method to distinguish the keystream from a random sequence
Key Recovery methods:
Exhaustive Key Search: is a trivial way to recover a key. Given a keystream the attacker tries all different keys until the right one is found. If the key is n bits, the attacker has to try 2n keys in the worst case and 2n?1 keys on average. Brute force attack requires a large amount of computing power and a large amount of time to run. For the majority of encryption algorithms a brute force attack is impractical due to the large number of possibilities.
Key Size n(bits)
Number of
Alternative Keys
Time required at
1 encryption/µs
Time required at
106 encryptions/µs
32
232 = 4.3 x 109
231 µs = 35.8 minutes
2.15 milliseconds
56
256 = 4.3 x 1016
255 µs = 1142 years
10.01 hours
128
2128 = 4.3 x 1038
2127 µs = 5.4 x 109 years
5.4 x 1018 years
168
2168 = 4.3 x 1050
2167 µs = 5.9 x 1036 years
5.9 x 1030 years
26 characters (permutation)
26! = 4 x 1036
2 x 1026 µs = 6.4 x 1012 years
6.4 x 106 years
Average Time Required for Exhaustive Key Search
Dictionary attack: This essentially involves running through a dictionary of words in the hope that the key (or the plaintext) is one of them. This type of attack is often used to determine passwords since people usually use easy to remember words. So this type o attack can be prevented by avoiding the words present in the dictionaries as key or password. Alphanumeric characters can be a better option against dictionary attack.
Time Memory Trade-offs: A time memory trade-off (TMTO) attack is an attack were large amounts of precomputed data is used to lower the computational complexity. The name comes from the fact that there is often a trade-off between the amount of memory used for data storage and the amount of time used for computations. Birthday attack is the first TMTO attack used to break A5 cipher used in GSM standard [5]. To avoid the known TMTO attacks for stream ciphers, the state size should be at least twice the key size, and the IV size should be at least as large as the key size.
Distinguishing Attacks: A distinguishing attack is a method for distinguishing the keystream from a truly random sequence. Distinguishing attacks can be generic in the sense that they are likely to work on a category of ciphers, or very specific and targeted at a specific cipher. A typical specific distinguishing attack uses the fact that some part of the keystream, with a high probability, is a function of some other parts of the keystream.
Zi = f(Zi?1,Zi?1, . . . ,Zi?n)
If a cipher fails any of the ordinary statistical tests like frequency test, serial test, poker test, runs test, and autocorrelation test, this can be used to distinguish the keystream. Distinguishing attacks often require large amounts of keystream. An easy way to get away from such attacks is to state that the cipher must be rekeyed after a certain amount of keystream.
Guess and Determinate attack: The strategy used here is to guess a few of the unknown variables in the cipher, and from the guessed values deduce the values of other unknown variables. This is often slower compared to exhaustive key search due to nonlinearities and irregularities in the cipher. Because of this, an assumption is made that makes the cipher more linear. If the probability that the assumption holds is p, the expected number of tries until the assumption holds are 1/p.
The attack is successful if 2g · (1/p) · w < 2k, where g is the number of guessed bits, p is the probability that the assumption holds, w is the work needed to determine if the guess is right and the assumption holds, and k is the key size.
Differential Cryptanalysis:
The attacker can introduce errors during the computation, leading to an error in the output. By examining the difference between an unfaulty computation and a faulty one, the attacker can deduce information on the computation [6]. These ideas are used in various cryptanalytic attacks on stream ciphers. For example, in [7] it is shown that two IVs with some given difference may produce the same key stream. A key difference or even an initial value difference can be used to predict the stream differences with some probability. This phenomena is easily observed and detected where the key loading procedure and the key updating procedure are linear (as in an LFSR), as well as in nonlinear procedures that initialize the internal state of the stream cipher like in RC4 [8].
Correlation attack: The correlation attack is a class of attack on stream cipher and can be applied if the keystream z1, z2, . . .zn must be correlated with the output sequence a1, a2 . . . of a much simpler internal device, such as a LFSR. The two sequences are correlated if the probability P(zi = ai) ? 0.5[9][10][11]. Synchronous stream ciphers are resynchronized frequently. During the resynchronization period, the secret key is manipulated while the power consumption is data dependent, we can utilize this mortal weakness to perform CPA (Correlation Power Analysis) to recover the secret key [18]. The basic correlation attacks are mainly cipher text only or known plain text attack.
Algebraic attack: A method of cryptanalytic attack used against block ciphers and stream ciphers that exhibit a significant amount of mathematical structure. Any stream cipher is defined by a system of algebraic equations. A solution of this system gives the secret key. Algebraic attacks on LFSR-based stream ciphers recover the secret key by solving an over defined system of multivariate algebraic equations. They exploit multivariate relations involving key bits and output bits and become very efficient if such relations of low degrees may be found. In view of algebraic attacks, low degree multiples of Boolean functions are a basic concern in the design of stream ciphers as well as of block ciphers.
The immunity for Algebraic attack is, if there are several filtering functions fi in a stream cipher, there should be no algebraic combination of the fi and of “reasonable” size, that would have an unusually low degree. By extension, this criterion also applies to stream ciphers that have only one filtering function.
Indeed a cipher having only one filtering function f, can be seen as using several functions defined as: f, f ? L, f ? L2, . . .. It can be seen that, in all cases, our security criterion can be re-formulated as: there should be no non-trivial multivariate relations of low degree that relate the key bits and one or many output bits of the cipher [12].
Side Channel Attack: “Side channel” attacks are based on “Side channel information”.Side channel information is informationretrieved from the physical implementation instead of theoretic weaknesses. Any information that can be measured, and is dependent on the key, state, or plaintext. Side channel analyses are of concern because the attacks can be mounted quickly and also be implemented using readily available hardware costing only a few dollars to thousands of dollars. The amount of time required to attack and analysis depends on the types of attack (power analysis, timing attack,etc). In a timing attack the attacker tries to break a cipher by analyzing the execution time for encryption or decryption. It can be done if the encryption or decryption time depends on the input. The cryptosystems often take slightly different time to process different inputs. This is usually the case for asymmetric algorithms [13].
The timing attacks are based on measuring the time required for a unit to perform operations. This information can lead to the information about the secret keys. Power analysis is similar to a timing attack, but the attacker studies the power consumption of a cryptographic device (smart card, CPU). Other information that has been suggested includes leaked electromagnetic radiation and sound [14]. To circumvent side channel attacks, in general the time that operations take must be totally independent of the input data or key data. Whenever different sub operations are performed according to key bits or input data ,all sub operations should take same number of clock cycles. This will prevent timing attacks. Blinding is another technique for preventing side channel attacks.. Blinding means that the execution time and power consumption are made independent of the inputs.
The other technique to prevent side channel attacks is by avoiding the use of procedures that use intermediates or keys for conditional branching operations. Calculations should be performed using functions that use elementary operations (AND,OR and EXOR). This feature can make it extremely difficult to guess the input and key values using measurement of timing or power consumption .Introduction of random delays to perform the operations can also make the attack difficult. Power Consumption Balancing can also be used where dummy registers and gates are used to perform useless operations. Reducing the signal size and addition of noise increases the number of samples required to attack, possibly to an unfeasibly large number [17].
Conclusion
This paper summarizes the basic Cryptographic cipher system, specially the Stream cipher system, its advantages over the Block cipher system. The attacks and classification of attacks and some common types of attacks applied on Stream cipher systems for cryptanalysis and the Immunity towards those types of attacks.
References:
[1]. Simon Singh. The Code Book: The Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography. Anchor Books, New York, 2000. ISBN 0-385-49532-3.
[2]. Whitfield Diffie and Martin E. Hellman. New Directions in Cryptography. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 22(6):644–654, November 1976.
[3]. Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Len Adleman. A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-Key Cryptosystems. Communications of the ACM, 21(2):120–126, 1978. http://theory.lcs.mit.edu/~rivest/rsapaper.pdf.
[4]. Marcus Schafheutle and Stefan Pyka. Stream Ciphers. Technical report, NESSIE consortium, February 2003. 103–122 pp. https://www.cosic.esat.kuleuven.be/nessie/deliverables/D20-v2.pdf.
[5]. Jovan Dj. Goli´c. Cryptanalysis of alleged A5 stream cipher. In Eurocrypt’97 LNCS 1233, pages 239–255.Springer-Verlag,1997.
[7]. Hongjun Wu, Bart Preneel, Attacking the IV Setup of Py and Pypy, eSTREAM website, 2006. Available online at http://www.ecrypt.eu.org/stream/papersdir/2006/050.pdf.
[8]. Ronald L. Rivest, RSA security Response to weaknesses in key scheduling algorithm of RC4, Technical note, RSA Data Security, Inc., 2001. [The structure of RC4 was never published officially, it was leaked in 1994 to the Internet. This note confirms that the leaked code is indeed RC4].
[9]. Thomas Siegenthaler. Decrypting a Class of Stream Ciphers Using Ciphertext Only. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 34(1):81–85, January 1985
[10]. Fredrik J¨onsson. Some results on fast correlation attacks. PhD thesis, Lund University, May 2002.
[11]. Willi Meier and Othmar Staffelbach. Fast correlation attacks on certain stream
ciphers. Journal of Cryptology, 1(3):159–176, 1989.
[12]. Algebraic Attacks on Stream Ciphers with Linear Feedback Nicolas T. Courtois1 and Willi Meier2 Cryptography Research, Schlumberger Smart Cards, 36-38 rue de la Princesse, BP 45, F-78430 Louveciennes Cedex, France, courtois@minrank.org 2 FH Aargau, CH-5210 Windisch, Switzerland, meierw@fh-argau.ch.
[13]. David Brumley and Dan Boneh. Remote Timing Attacks are Practical. In Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Security Symposium, August 2003.
[14]. Adi Shamir and Eran Tromer. Acoustic cryptanalysis: on nosy people and noisy machines. http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~tromer/acoustic/
[15] M. Robshaw. Stream ciphers. Technical Report TR – 701. RSALabs, July 1995.
[16] Analysis of Stream Cipher Security Algorithm,Journal of Information and Computing Science,Vol. 2, No. 4, 2007, pp. 288-298, Musbah J. Aqel 1 +, Ziad A. Alqadi 2 ++, Ibraheim M. El Emary, Received October 12, 2006, accepted January 30 2007.
[17] An Introduction to Side Channel Attacks , Hagai Bar-El, White paper,Discretix Technologies limited.
[18] Correlation Power Analysis Attack against Synchronous Stream Ciphers, Keke Wu1, Huiyun Li1, Bo Peng2, Fengqi Yu1 1. Department of Integrated Electronics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (CAS), Shenzhen, China 2. Side Channel Security Technology LaboratoryZTEIC Design Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China {kk.wu, hy.li, fq.yu}@siat.ac.cn, peng.bo@zte.com.cn.
About the Author
Anaish for Dummies - a dictionary of the language of Anastacia fans
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I'm writing this article for the person who knows nothing about baseball, the person who doesn't know the difference between the Triple Crown and an unassisted Triple Play. I'm not going to write about the history of baseball so if that's what you want look somewhere else, I'm going to tell you the necessary information so you can sit down on a Saturday afternoon and watch a baseball game. Even if you do know a lot I'm hoping you can learn a little.
Introduction
Baseball is a bat and ball sport played by 2 teams of 9 players a side. The goal of baseball is to score runsby hitting a ball that is thrown by the pitcher and run around the bases.The bases are arranged on the corners of a 90 foot square called the diamond. Players on the battingteam take turns hitting while the fieldingteam tries to get them out.Once a player on the batting team gets on base he can choose to stop in the hope that a teammate will drive him in. The teams switch between batting and fielding when the fielding team gets 3 outs. Once each team gets 3 outs that is an inning, there are 9 innings in a MLBgame. The team with the most runs at the end of the game wins.
Major League Baseball
In the United States and Canada the professional baseball league is called Major League Baseball (MLB.) MLB is divided into 2 leagues, the National League (NL)and the American League (AL) which in turn, are divided into 3 divisions: East, Central and West. To determine the champion of baseball MLB uses an 8 team playoff. The teams that make it are all 6 division winners plus a Wild Card. The wild card is the team with the best record that isn’t a division winner. The first round is best of 5 while the second round and the World Series are best of 7. Each major league team has a farm system of minorleague teams at various levels. These teams allow players to gain improve while playing against opponents with a similar skill level.
Equipment and Field
There are 4 basic tools in baseball: the bat, the ball, the mitt and the field
The bat is an offensive tool used by the batter that is either wood or aluminum depending on the league. It is a long stick maybe 35 inches long, 2 inches wide and 35 ounces heavy.
The mitt otherwise known as a glove is worn by the fielding team to assist in catching the ball. Mitts take various shapes and sizes to accommodate the needs of individual positions.
A baseball is about the size of a fist and white with red lacing (Although other colors could be used.)
Baseball is played on a field in which the dimensions vary depending on age. However every field has bases which are arranged on a diamond that offensive payers try to run around counterclockwise. The part of the field closest to the bases is the infield and the part farther away is the outfield.
Game Play
Baseball is played in a series of 9 innings, each of which are divided in to 2 halves, top and bottom. In each half-inning, the offensive team attempts to score runs until three of its players are put out. After the third out, the teams switch roles for the other half of the inning. The home team plays defense first, and so plays defense in the top of every inning and offense in the bottom of every inning. At the beginning of each half-inning, the nine defensive players arrange themselves on the field. One defensive player is called the pitcher and stands at the center of the diamond on a designated spot, called the mound or the rubber. Another defensive player is called the catcher and stands on the other side of home plate from the pitcher. Typically four more players are arranged along the lines between first, second, and third bases, and the other three are in the outfield.
Runs are scored as follows: starting at home plate, each offensive player attempts to earn the right to run to the next base of the diamond, then to touch the base at that corner, continuing on to each following base in order, and finally returning to home, whereupon a run is scored. Often an offensive player will achieve a base but be forced to stop there; on future plays the player may continue to advance, or else be put out.
A play begins with an offensive player called a batter standing at home plate, holding a bat. The batter then waits for the pitcher to throw a pitch (the ball) toward home plate, and attempts to hit the ball with the bat. If the batter hits the ball into play, the batter must drop the bat and begin running toward first base. There are other ways to earn the right to run the bases, such as walks or being hit by a pitched ball. The catcher catches pitches that the batter does not hit (either by choice or simple failure to make contact) and returns them to the pitcher.
If the batter fails to hit a well-pitched ball (one within the strike zone) or if he hits it so that it goes outside of the field of play it is called a strike. However, if the ball is hit over the outfield and exits the field there, it is instead (one type of) a Homerun: the batter and all other offensive players on bases may complete a tour of the bases and score a run.
When a batter begins running, he or she is then referred to as a. Runners attempt to reach a base, where they are safe and may remain there. The runner defensive players attempt to prevent this by putting the runners out using the ball; runners put out must leave the field (returning to the bench or Dugout the location where all the other inactive players and managers observe the game).
There are many ways that the team on defense can get an offensive player out. For the sake of simplicity, only the five most common ways are listed here:
1. The Strikeout: occurs when the batter acquires three strikes before hitting the ball (within the field); the batter never becomes a runner.
2. The Groundout: when the batter hits the ball but a defensive player retrieves it after it has touched the ground and throws it to another defensive player standing on first base before the runner arrives there.
3. The Forceout: occurs when a runner is required to run to advance bases ahead of a teammate's hit but fails to reach it before a defensive player reaches the base with the ball. The "ground out" is actually a special case of "force out."
4. The Flyout: if a defensive player catches a hit ball before it touches the ground, the batter (now a runner) is out (regardless of his location).
5. The Tagout: while between bases, a runner is out if a defensive player touches him with a held ball.
Baseball Statistics
Statistics play an important role in summarizing baseball performance and evaluating players in the sport. Since the flow of baseball has natural breaks to it, the game lends itself to easy record keeping and statistics. This makes comparisons between players' on field performance relatively easy, and therefore gives statistics more importance in baseball than in most other sports. Statistics have been kept for professional baseball since the creation of each league.
About the Author
boondog is a current member of rootzoo.com, and he loves to talk sports. He, especially, loves baseball talk.
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ve taken statics and dynamics class for 2 years already, here in high school, and its impossible, though we get Fs the professor passes us with As. next year we will actually go to a real class in dual enrollment for both, statics and dynamics,and of course i realy want to do well. is there a good book that exxplains you everything well as a book for "dummies" or kind of a princeton review? it would also be good if it taught from the beginning and everything elemental, including integration and dereviation. thanks, help appreciated
(if i could get it through amazon itd be a plus)
Greetings,
There is a free pdf textbook available at http://www.scribd.com/doc/32644/STATICS-BOOK
Regards
Statistics Essentials for Dummies (Paperback)
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With an ever progressing technology at the disposal of man, there is every reason for him to reach for newer goals with the help of advanced tools and programs. But technology in itself is not an absolute element and requires a moderator to utilize its potential in developmental work. While man can mould technology to do amazing feats and achieve great ends, there is still a touch of irony herein. Even in spite of so much potential, there is still room for error here and more so when it is involved in such an arduous activity as search engine optimization. Now in search engine optimization link building is an activity that employs the latest web technologies to a great extent. And it is here that you can go wrong while building link popularity. if certain steps are not followed.
For those who are familiar with the attributes of link building you should know that linking and content are the prime determinants of a higher ranking for web pages. And the process of link building and unique content submission is by no means an easy job. That’s why professional link building services are highly sought after as the experts know what they are doing backed up by years of experience in the market. But even then there are certain “don’ts” that even website owners should be aware of. The first and the most important step that is a total no-no in link building is the submission of dummy content in a desperate attempt to build some quick and easy links. Most people make the mistake of adding some slight changes to some web page and updating it over and over again.
Link popularity building is a process that needs lots of thought and market knowledge to take the right steps. You can do better by conducting detailed research and carrying out some honest exercises instead of indulging in unethical activities like spamming through bots for discussion creation. Always remember that link building is an exercise that will yield great benefits later if you do it properly but may create a bad impression if you overstep your boundaries.
About the Author
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Dreamweaver Tutorial - Creating a basic Web Site
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Currency trading for dummies many time is an effective way to learn about forex trading, on the other hand, there may be a lot amouth of information you can get on-line totally free which it will likely be able to learn you just as a lot & perhaps even more Foreign money buying and selling, often referred to as forex trading, this is the art of shopping for & or promoting currencies for profit "Currency trading for dummies" is an effective way to be informed more about forex trading, then again, there's numerous information you can get online free of charge which it will likely be able to show you just as so much and most likely even more. Currency buying and selling, also known as foreign currency trading, this is the art of buying & or promoting currencies for profit. It's similar to the "stock market" & other forms for trading that you would be able to already be is familiar with. The forex markets are the most important on this planet & their volatility is 2nd to none. You might have heard of other folks getting rich over evening way to trading the currencies, but you will probably have no longer heard approximately what number of people will make terrible mistakes & lose the whole lot in seconds because they diddent learn currency trading for dummies first. While it's inconceivable to turn into a a hit dealer in a single day, there are some things you'll do to provide your self the most productive likelihood possible to make the transfer a successful trader.Endurance is very important in foreign money trading. You can also no longer think that your "emotions" are of any significance or use in relation to trading, however this couldnt many times be further from the truth. So your emotions & normal mind-set are the number 1 consider determining if you are going to achieve success at buying and selling or not. The name of the game to buying and selling doesn''t lie in a few magical system or some "mystical indicator", rule nr 5 ( currency trading for dummies ) it lies inside you as the trader. The most important problem other folks have is they let their feelings cloud their pro judgment & this affects directly on how they carry out as a trader. You will have to be sure that while you might be trading, demo or reside, you do not permit your feelings achieve control. Buying and selling must be approached in an overly established method that leaves 0 room for feelings. If you'll grasp this, then you are ninety% of the way to being a hit at trading.Whenever you''ve a minimum of come to phrases with trying just to keep your feelings in test, the next necessary thing is that foreign money trading needs to be approached with the "long term perspective". a lot of new traders may think of trading as a "get rich quick" kind of thing. But it isn't. Like anything on this international, if you like to make cash you must be persistent & persist with & buil´d something for the lengthy term. It can be real that some few traders get lucky and earn thousands and thousands of greenbacks overnight. What may be real is that for every lucky individual there are masses of unfortunate people who have misplaced their complete life savings. Don''t think of the currency markets as a money cow."currency trading for dummies" will tell you different,You can generate profits trading however it needs to be done with the view of a long term business. Don''t be expecting to get wealthy in a single day, as an alternative focus on construction a buying and selling occupation with the intention to be successful for the long run. Any "dummy" can get began with foreign money buying and selling & you don''t need any different books or specialists to tell you what or learn how to begin. Don't let your "emotions" impact your buying and selling decisions. Call to mind trading as you possibly can a long term industry & attempt to construct it up slowly. You gained''t get wealthy overnight however if you happen to persist & follow a plan you are going to make money. Any new dealer that can stay these two guidelines in thoughts is more than likely ninety five% beforehand of the rest of the other investors who think of trading as a brief time period trade undertaking but best end up shedding all their money.In search of currency trading for dummies info? To be informed how to swing business, seek advice from the swing trading web page to achieve an edge with "swing" trading methods over different marketplace avid gamers & positioned yourself at the path to buying and selling success
HOW TO: Spice up Your Site With Simple PHP If you can copy and paste into HTML and you can follow simple instructions...
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On social network sites members discuss, share ideas and make recommendation. It has been usually seen that consumers looking for others attitude when they decide to purchase a product or service. Actually, more than 78% of worldwide consumers say they trust recommendation of other people more than other sources like companies marketing message. So consumers use social networks to discover these opinions.
Social network's users play two roles: consume and supply content together. The inventors of content are normally vastly engaged and effective consumers. If right consumers are gained with a message that they recognise useful and interesting, it can become viral advertise. This is extremely powerful for marketers, that users do not sense that the information is pushed to them, but denote to them by trustful friend in a trustful network. Now let investigate three of most popular and influential social networks and see ways of marketing in these famous sites:
LinkedIn
Ever since the first days of history, human beings have always networked. We have social instinct that like to get in touch with someone. As the internet start improved and become larger in popularity, people quickly understand the benefit of this novel technology for communication, with instant massaging, e-mail, web pages and sharing data, videos and voice with each other, and many other application to keep everybody in touch. But how can internet help you perform a better job with your professional networking? The answer is LinkedIn. LinkedIn established five years ago by Reid Hoffman, Who decided to generate a better way for professional networking. There are many websites that allow you make your own page and share it with the world. But lots of them focused on social feature of your life and not on the professional side. LinkedIn create new way by its access of all the professional networking activity you do every day. LinkedIn is a social network with over 100 million users that let you to make better use of your professional network. There is no doubt that LinkedIn is a wonderful place to network professionally, inform and find job, answer questions and make leadership idea. It is probably the best way to find important persons at particular organisations. Searching for your target business or subject on this site will identify persons who you may already connected with, moreover directly or in the case of your connections. LinkedIn is a great implement to use your existing connections to contact with others and discover potential clients online. The site is formed to make the aspect of networking less time-consumption and more practical. LinkedIn does not need to consume a huge amount of time or usage to be efficient, and is concentrated on only preparing instruments that help your professional business.
LinkedIn Marketing
There are two types of business endorsement possible in LinkedIn, one for large business and the other for small one. For large firms, LinkedIn has performed company profile pages (it is free) in the case of union with BusinessWeek and Capital IQ that covers 160,000 companies those information collected and accumulated to LinkedIn. Now More than one million companies have LinkedIn Company Pages (formerly known as company profiles).
Marketing your business by LinkedIn contains working through your own network, employing both your current list of contacts as well as potential connections in the bigger LinkedIn communication. Your attempts must have links from you other online activities to your profile in LinkedIn and supporting your business online by your LinkedIn identity. Here are some advices as you developing your LinkedIn marketing plan:
- Encourage every employee to make a LinkedIn profile and link each other.
- Definitely link your profile to you business blog and website.
- You must have your most popular keyword phrases in your profile.
- expand relationships with important business partner or media connections.
Marketing partners:
In LinkedIn your strategy should typically contains more than just you or your business. One element of success in marketing through LinkedIn is finding proper marketing partners to assist you with your targets and push you to the next level. Finally, you are connecting with similar-minded professionals persons who have same or complementary expertise to yours, which helps you and them reach to your goals. Somehow, right partner can make a considerable change in your business growing.
Service providers:
Two main reasons people search LinkedIn are to find a new employee or a job. And now there is a new tool that capitalizes the millions of business-owner who use LinkedIn to improve not only themselves, but their services.
LinkedIn has a Service provider part, where members can write recommendations for service providers they themselves used. Since recommendations are the most important reasons that someone choose one service provider over another, and because many of these service providers exist on LinkedIn it is obvious to let members to recommend each other dependent upon services, not only shared employment.
You should first use the LinkedIn service providers to start recognizing potential partners. You can search for service providers that may two or three layers away from you, or you can focus persons you want to find at specific companies by looking who in your network can organize an introduction. Here is some advice to keep mind during your search:
- Notice to people's title
- Join to groups that request to your business
- Search LinkedIn Answers for persons with same circumstance as yours
- Use targeted questions in LinkedIn Answers and go after the persons who answer the best
- Keep the conversation open and permanent
- Make a LinkedIn group that talk to targeted users about your company's capabilities.
Twitter
Twitter is huge, both in number of users and enthusiasm. This idea of communicating is continuously developing, and with Twitter you have the chance to access millions of people in a few of seconds. The future of online networking is representing business owners dead because of their slowness in adopting new technology for communication. What if customers stop using the phone and move to somewhere else? Will you be ready?
Twitter is a social network that you can post messages with maximum 140 characters. Since Twitter has members from all around the world, when you send a message, someone in London and someone in New York can read it at the same moment. So imagine the potentials for business! If you know how to send text message from mobile phones, you can approach twitter with no trouble, rules are the same with a difference: In Twitter, you only have 140 characters for communication!
Twitter marketing
Think about a world with millions of millions potential customers that networking, discussing, sharing ideas and forming new communication area. This new form of online network is blasted through traditional communication and marketing and define a world in which association and clients are governing. This world named Twitter. Twitter has blown up, with speed of 1382% growth per year. Now Twitter has 175 million members. while you start your business on Twitter you enter new world of internet marketing that you can talk about your target every day and post your ideas in eruption of 140-character. Twitter has destroyed traditional marketing process and make customer in charge of marketing message. Twitter makes it possible to find your clients fast and easy and contact them with just few keystrokes.
The idea of Twitter comes from micro blogging concept, in which members write short regular posts (even by cell phone) that limited to 140 characters. These posts are called tweets.
Tweets are a type of micro blogging that prepare ability for members to share huge amounts of components by the form of messages that post to specific groups of people. Micro blogging has improved the speed of information ten-time compare to blog post. Blogging is more complicated approach for sharing information and marketing online. Micro blogging is a short term access that is perfect for fast communication. You should use blogging and micro blogging together to success in spreading your business target through your customers and potential market.
When you start to follow others in Twitter, you should share valuable information with them to make them following you, as well. There are various kind of information that your followers may interest in, depending on their interest and target. But they are probably not attracting to read a mass of tweets in a row that you commend your services or products: if you do that, get ready to be unfollowed enormously in twitter. You need to create balance between your marketing messages and personal massages. Together with all these aspects, you also should share other member's useful tweets that post in Twitter, This called retweeting and it is a part of social exchange in Twitter. Retweeting is giving credit to who shared something: It shows that you respect or interest in this user's attitude, ideas or whatever that person shared. When others retweet your post, you can start to take your message out to twitter world, but you should first start retweeting messages that other users posted before asking them to retweet your post. You can become a reference for people that searching for information about the same field that your company working on, and that position can eventually gain you more followers that may become your clients.
In Twitter you rely on your clients to discuss about your business and help you to access to others through these conversations. Twitter is at the head of customer experience, where customers advertise and sell to customers. Companies no longer shape the ideas of brands in their conference room. Customers create private representations of brands in their living rooms, coffee shops and public places by their keyboards. Marketing in Twitter is very different from traditional marketing. Of course, you can help to form the conversations by participating in them but you cannot absolutely control what is going to say about your company. In this social-network world of marketing, you have to take responsibility of your mistakes, correct them and attempt to make sure they won't happen again.
Facebook
Facebook is a social network with more than 600 million active members and 250000 new daily registrants. The idea of developing Facebook started by Mark Zuckerberg as a dorm exercise to extend the student online communication and now becomes an international association with more than 2000 employee with a valuation of $60 billion. Facebook for man is a social experience, a place to be in contact with old friend, college and family. But in 2007 Facebook developed a revolutionary thing. They created their own virtual oasis that let everyone make applications on Facebook. By this software Facebook has redefined the way of marketing in social-networks, and it will be change the business for ever.
Facebook marketing
If Facebook were a country, it would be 3rd country in population rank after China and India. Imagine the possibility of messaging Facebook nation for free. This is what exactly Facebook did for companies: an online place for organizations, companies and individuals searching for marketing themselves to the world. Facebook pages are entertaining and simple to operate, offer various powerful online tools evolving with your customer (in Facebook called fans), and easy to measure how much you achieved to your target. Every day, 20 million people become fans of Facebook pages each day. That is huge amount of fans. Although famous brands like Coca-Cola, Apple and Nutella enjoy their lots of fan, smaller brands, B2B companies and SMEs can also make loyal followers by developing Facebook pages.
Before online social networks, companies focused their internet marketing plans on their web site. Normally, promotions and advertisements centred on driving internet traffic to the site and measurement of success was traffic volume or such as, how many forms were completed. Now online customer's habits changed by growing of social network communications this making companies twist.
Spends an average 15 hours and 33 minutes on Facebook per month
Visits the site 40 times per month
That's why company's websites are no longer enough for marketing on internet, many marketer adapt their marketing plans to evolve in these social activities by merging advertising, promotions, and word of mouth together to drive traffic, awareness, and commitment. And companies are interacting with their customers in these new ways. Facebook has prepared some facility for marketers to engage in the conversations, with high desire for member's privacy. There is no specific or defining characteristics, old, young, male, female, white, black, no limit. The fastest growing in Facebook members is among women 55 and above, teenagers are 12% of members, but by total users, the fastest growing group is 26 to 34.
Here is some avenue for marketing on Facebook:
-Creating a Facebook application:
By using the Facebook developer platform you can create Facebook applications. This platform using a specific coding language called FBML (Facebook Mark up Language). It is a kind of XML that designed especially for Facebook. But most marketers do not know how to coding XML, so there are some websites that make Facebook apps for you, like Zembely.com. When your application gets more than 5 common users, then you can send it to the Facebook Application Director, where it can be searched by the whole Facebook members. Applications are very useful because you can send updates on application to all common users, and these application fans are great potential customers for your marketing target.
-Creating a Facebook fan page:
An excellent approach is to make a page for your business on Facebook. When you create the page, then add "Become A Fan" widget to your blog our website, this widget contains photos and names of your fans, and it is an advertisement to encourage people to become your fan. Same as Facebook apps, here you can send updates like important events, invitations and e-mails to all of your fans.
-Creating a Facebook Ads: Become A fan
Another way that Facebook provides for marketers is "Become A Fan" engagement Ads. If you are a Facebook user, you've seen these ads. The exclusivity of these ads is, they are not advertise selling service or products, rather they sell ideas that wish to achieve followers who can be future customers. By clicking on thumbs up icon users become a fan automatically, and updates send to all fans, but engagement ads is not free and can get expensive, it starts by min $0.01 and sometimes rises to $2 or $3 per click.
50% of our active users log on to Facebook in any given day
Average user has 130 friends
People spend over 700 billion minutes per month on Facebook
Activity on Facebook
There are over 900 million objects that people interact with (pages, groups, events and community pages)
Average user is connected to 80 community pages, groups and events
Average user creates 90 pieces of content each month
More than 30 billion pieces of content (web links, news stories, blog posts, notes, photo albums, etc.) shared each month.
Global Reach
More than 70 translations available on the site
About 70% of Facebook users are outside the United States
Over 300,000 users helped translate the site through the translations application
Platform
Entrepreneurs and developers from more than 190 countries build with Facebook Platform
People on Facebook install 20 million applications every day
Every month, more than 250 million people engage with Facebook on external websites
Since social plugins launched in April 2010, an average of 10,000 new websites integrate with Facebook every day
More than 2.5 million websites have integrated with Facebook, including over 80 of comScore's U.S. Top 100 websites and over half of comScore's Global Top 100 websites
Mobile
There are more than 200 million active users currently accessing Facebook through their mobile devices.
People that use Facebook on their mobile devices are twice as active on Facebook than non-mobile users.
There are more than 200 mobile operators in 60 countries working to deploy and promote Facebook mobile products
At the end, in accordance to what I mentioned above, we can see it is vital for companies to have flexible marketing strategies by awareness of what will come in future. Frankly, you can they cannot escape social networks. Even the U.S. State Department has a Facebook and Twitter account, and they even performed a social networking site on their own server. The benefits of marketing on social networks are plentiful and can gain at very low cost. Let's count some of these benefits:
increase web traffic
increase customer loyalty
improve Search Engine Optimization(SEO)
increase new product launches success
increase awareness of brand and product
References:
1) LinkedIn For Dummies, by Joel Elad, 2008
2) How to use LinkedIn for business, by Karen Purves, 2009: www.Havemoreclients.com
3) Guide to social media marketing V.2, 2009 GNOSIS ARTS MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS LLC
4) How to use LinkedIn for business, www.HubSpot.com
5) Facebook Marketing For Dummies, by Paul Dunay and Richard Krueger, 2010
6) Online Marketing Opportunity Report: Social Media, Blog, and Search Engine Activity by Industry: www.HubSpot.com
7) Social Network Marketing: The Basics, 2008 Red Bridge Marketing
8) The Only Marketing Jobs Definite Guide to: Helping you maximise your business networking potenyial, www.onlymarketingjobs.com
9) Twitter Marketing For Dummies, by Kyle Lacy with contributions from Manny Hernandez
