Chemical Additives in Commercial Tobacco Products
The use of chemical additives in commercial tobacco products is a widespread practice in the modern world. Even in the 15th century, it was practised in some or other ways. Spanish sailors used to apply licorice water to tobacco to preserve it for longer durations. Nowadays, tobacco products manufacturers publicly admit the use of chemical additives in their highly popular products. The typical tobacco cigarette contains approximately 10 percent chemical additives by weight. These are mostly in the form of ammonia compounds, humectants, cocoa, and licorice.
Smokeless tobacco also is no exception as manufacturers make use of moisteners, sweeteners, and pleasant flavours such as cherry juice to increase the appeal of the product and their sales. These chemical additives do have a greater say in the flavour, sensory properties such as smoothness, and various other physical characteristics. Even though these additives are added in very small amounts, mostly less than 1/100th of the total weight, the cumulative effect of these chemical additives on the flavour aspect of the product might be significant. Most often, it is difficult or well nigh impossible to weigh up the impact of these special substances.
Additives do have specific roles to play in the whole affair. For instance, the flavour of a tobacco is, for the most part, determined by the tobacco leaf blend, while additives take care of the modification and enhancement of tobacco flavour properties. Many tobacco flavouring substances including vanilla, cherry and orange have been introduced for boosting the commercial aspects, but the flavour of menthol is the most widely recognized around the world. In a cunning idea targeting the youth, candy-like flavours including cherry has also been introduced.
Some of the additives used in cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products are primarily intended to modify the "smoke pH quotient". A higher pH allows for more nicotine to be present which become all the more readily available for absorption into the body system.
The various additives induce different kinds of physiological and behavioural effects. As for example, some of these chemical additives increase the addictive property of tobacco smoke by many times by way of altering the regular or usual effects of nicotine. Sometimes they create pharmacologic effects on the person who smoke or use it.
Menthol is one such substance that has been found to enhance the drug absorption levels. It has also the potential to alter the pharmacological action of other carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke.
A higher percentage of nicotine in freebase form increases the rate of absorption in the mouth and facilitates faster absorption in the lower respiratory tract. These aspects could alter the intensity of response in different persons and would increase the dependency potential. The experience or just the perception of smoothness of the tobacco smoke may tempt people for increased use of that particular company’s product. Similarly, the relief from stress received through its use encourages and supports the tendency to use it more frequently than before.
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